Class 10 Social Studies Guide book || Solution SEE

Our Infrastructure of Development

1. Skilled Human Resources for Development
Activities

1. What do you mean by resources?
Ans: The pre-requisites of the development are termed as resources. Resources are broadly divided into two categories. They are:
• Human resources
• Natural resources
Both of these resources are complementary for the development of the country.

2. Are there adequate resources available for the development in Nepal? Write in brief and discuss in a group of your friends. What are the sources needed for learning more from the social studies?
Ans: Resources are the main requisite for the development of the nation. There is enough natural resources available for the smooth development and the progress of the country. But the problem lies with the human resources. Although there are ample natural resources available there is the lacking of the human resources to exploit these resources systematically. The lacking of the skilled human resources is the main hinderance to pave a concrete path to reachh the summit of development.
Similarly, in order to learn more from social studies following sources are required apart from the text book and the teacher. They are:
• Acess to internet
• Atlas
• Visit to the site of religious, cultural and historical places
• Visit the places with various social problems

3. People do different types of works for their livlihood and economic progress. They all can be categorized into following four broader areas:

 

a. Producing raw materials for sale or livlihood
Farming	Forestry works	Fishing	Mining

 

 

Producing goods using different raw materials available
Food processing	Construction works	Production of goods in factory	Handicraft works

 

 

Service providing
Shop keeping	Pharmacy/Medical	Education
Hotel management	Government services	Tourism and guide
Transportation and communication facilities

 

 

Expert services
Research work	Computer programming	Intentions

Compare jobs done in your community with the jobs given in the box above. What differences did you find ? Mention.
Ans: The job that is mostly done in my society is agriculture. According to my survey following result was obtained.
The occupants in percentage.
• Agriculture: 52%
• Construction works: 18%
• Government Services: 10%
• Pharmacy/Medical: 4%
• Shop Keeping: 12%
• Others: 4%
From the information above, the conclusion can be drawn that the number of people engaged in agriculture is more than half the population. However the farmers are not engaged in commercial farming so their farming is not even enough to feed their family. There are very less number of people in other occupation where as the number of people in the expert services is negligible. Some ofnthe highly skilled manpower are also leaving the country in search of good payment for their work. Therefore the country should provide good provision to produce skilled human resources and make them work for the country.

4. Nepal Living Standard Assesment Survey 2060/2061 has indicated that the Poverty Line of Nepal decreased from 38 percent to 31 percent. Why has the poverty in Nepal decreased? Justify with your logic.
Ans: Nepal Living Standard Assesment Survey 2060/2061 has indicated that the Poverty Line of Nepal decreased from 38 percent to 31 percent. There are various reasons for the decrement of people under the poverty line. They are:
• The Government of Nepal has made a good provision of education which has helped to decrease the poverty line by some extent.
• Also the government has started to send many Nepalese to foreign countries to work and earn foreign countries.
• There are many development works being carried out in the country because of which many people are getting employment opportunities.
• Industries and factories which have been established are also providing a good platform for the people to earn money.
5. All people should be able to read and write. They should understand the possibility through information and be able to do basic calculations. Statistics of 2006 AD has indicated the fact that there is 99 percent literacy in industrial countries whereas Nepal has only 54 percent. Write a short story about the role of literacy in human resource for national development.
Ans: there was a small village in the outskirts of the Kathmandu valley. The people of that place were illiterate and that happened to be the biggest curse for them. Once there was epidimic of diarrhoea in the village. People who were stitched to superstitious beliefs and thoughts thought that going to the witch doctor is the best solution for the problem. They visited to the local dhami and didn't do any medical cure. Because of this problem many child lost their life along with other people. Due to this catastrophe the development works is hindered in the country. Had the people of that village been literate there would not have been such problem.

6. National development is not possible without the development of efficient and skillful human resource . On the one hand, efficient human resource could not be developed adequately in Nepal, in the other a few of the existing skilled human resources is moving to foreign countries. Why has this happened ? Find out the measures to resolve the problem by discussing in a group.
Ans: There is lacking of skilled human resource in the country. This problem is caused due to various problems. This has happened due to the following problems:
• Our country Nepal is not able to produce highly skilled human resource.
• Even they cannot be kept within the country because our country cannot pay them enough as the other country does.
• The other countries provides them with enough incentives and facilities.
• There is no good security system in the country. The ways to resolve this problem are as follows:
• The country should be able to establish very remowned universities to impart quality education and produce highly skilled human resource.
• The country should be able to provide them with enough incentives and facilities to secure their future in the country.
• The security system in the country should be very good.


2.Skilled Human Resource: Present and Future
Activities
1. We have to choose our profession considering the abilavility of the opportunities within the frameworks of national requirements. We could be satisfied and happy with it. Look at the following boxes, where four students are thinking on their jobs to do in future.

 

 

Student-1	Student-2	Student-3	Student-4
I can do better in English. I like to meet and talk to people . That is why, I would prefer to join Tourism sector.	I prefer to be outside my home and work. I enjoy producing crops. So, I would be a farmer.	I would like to be with friends and learn to teach new things . That is why, I would like to be a teacher.	I prefer to take care of people. So, I would rather be a community health worker instead of being a servant to a foreigner.

Why do these four students prefer to choose their professions related to tourism, agriculture, teaching and health sector? Explain.
Ans: People have different choices and preferences within them. The four students of the class prefer to do the profession related to tourism, agriculture, teaching and health sector because they are within the framework of national requirements.
Nepal is the country having very good scope of tourism. Tourism is the industry where less investment can give a good output. Therefore student-1 prefers to work in tourism sector. Nepal is a agricultural country but many people are doing this for substinence only. So, student-2 should be encouraged for commercial farming.
Many Nepalese people have remained illiterate because of lack of education. The job of teaching exactly fits the framework of national requirement. So it is a good job to go with for the development of the nation.
Similarly many people of the country in the remote areas are dying untimely even due to curable diseases . The health condition of the country is very fragile. So the mission of student-4 is very good.
1. Which profession do you prefer most in your future life? Why? Give reasons as many as possible. Which one can you do better among thinking your behaviour and conduct, thinking on favourable and unfavourable , etc.? Which one you cannot do better? What are the existing opportunities? Think on the above questions . Do you prefer to move to a foreign country? Prepare a report based on discussion in a group of your friends.
Ans: The profession that I like to do in my future is health worker. I would like to persue my career as a doctor because I am aware of the fact that there is a devastating condition of health in the remote parts of the country. Many people are dying untimely even due to simple curable diseases. This profession is as per the framework of the requirement of the country. So I want to choose this profession. Also only healthy people can work for the development of the country effectively and meaningfully. Healthy manpower is the wealth of the country so I would like the country to progress smoothly towards development .
After being a good health worker I might receive offers from foreign countries for higher salary and incentives. But I won't work for other country because I know that there is the need of me in the country . I would like to be a very loyal worker for the country.



3. Equal Participation of Women in Development
Activities
1. How is the existing status of women education in Nepal? Present in the table given below.
Ans: The status of women education is presented in the table below:

 

 

SN	Indicators< /th>	Status of Women(%)
1.	Literacy(15 + years)	42.49
2.	Enrolment in primary level	64.4
3.	Enrolment in lower secondary level	25.5
4.	Enrolment in secondary level	16.3
5.	Enrolment in tribhuwan university	24.1

 

1. What are the aspects that need to be considered to increase the women participation in development in Nepal?
Ans: There are various aspects that are needed to be considered to increase the women participation in the development of Nepal. For that all people should be concerned in making human civilization better by educating women. Parents should be encourages to send their children to school without any discrimination . Legal rights should be provided to men and women equally. Several types of training programmes should be organized and make them skilled and capable. This eventually helps to make the society progress. If the following things will be taken with due care then women participation can be considered in the development of Nepal.

2. Researches have indicated the fact that the family status will be better if the mother is educated . Justify this statement.
Ans: There is the necessicity of two wheels for the cart to run and if any one of the wheel doesnot function properly then the cart won't run properly. Similar to that man and women i.e husband and wife are the integral part of the family. If the mother of the family is educated then the family will progress more than other normal family. Mother is the one to take care of the nourishment of the child from birth until the child grows up properly. Educated mother can provide proper care to the family. Mother can also actively participate in various works of the society if she is educated properly. When the mother is educated then she can restrict her family members from doing bad activities and can deal with the children properly and meet their demand more easily. An educated lady can also distinguish between right and wrong thing and act accordingly. This gives more security to the family. When the mother is educated then she can also get involved in some sort of job and help the family in terms of financial matters also. In some European countries mother of the family is educated so their family status is very high .
Therefore , if the mother of the family is educated then the family status will be better.



4. Peace and Order
Activities
• Organize a speech contest on "peace is inevitable", "Peace and development complement to each other" or on any other relevent topics. Select the panel of judge among the speaker and award the best speaker.
Ans: Students should organize a speech contest on any of the given topics.
• Peace is inevitable
• Peace and development complement to each other
They should select the panel of judges with the agreement from all the students including the social studies teacher. According to the score they receive they should award the best speaker.
• Mention any five measures of establishing peace in the nation.
Ans: Peace is the most important part of the country. The country can progress only if there is absolute peace and security in the country. Any five measures of establishing peace in the nation are as follows :
• The security of the country must be very stern and strict.
• The border security should be very tight and any short of short comings and loop holes should not be there.
• The constitution of the country should be made in such a way that the demand of all the groups is inclded.
• Any sort of the political issues and protests should not hinder the daily administration of the country rather the solutions must seek through the round table discussion.
• The one who tries to violate the rules and regulation should be severely punished.
• Enlist the disadvantages of clash and conflict and advantages of peace and then present it in the following table.

 

 

 

Disadvantages of clash and conflict	Advantages of Peace
No equitable distribution of natural resources.	Euitable distribution of natural resources
No people's participation in development work.	People's participation in development work.
No culture of mutual understanding and consensus.	Culture of mutual understanding and consensus.
No proper use of fundamental rights and authority.	Use of fundamental rights and authority without any obstacles.
Discriminating social environment.	No discriminating social environment.
Terror and fear will be developed	Peace and harmony can be developed.
Many people will have to lose their life.	happy family can be seen.

 

Our Traditional, Social Values and Norms

1. Our Heritage

Activities

1. Where are the heritages listed in the World Heritage List located? Draw a map of Nepal and indicate these places on it and then explain what these places are famous for.

2. Write a letter to your friend abroad explaining the place listed in the World Heritage on the basis of your observation if you have visited the place and if you have not, on the basis of the published books, magazines, newspapers etc.

 

Baneshwor May 23 2014

Kathmandu

Nepal

 

Dear Wilshere,

I received your letter yesterday and I am happy to know that you are well. As you have requested I am writing about the places that are listed in the world heritage site.

There are ten heritages of Nepal that are listed in the World Heritage List. Among them two of the heritage sites are important naturally. Similarly other eight sites are important either historically or culturally and regiliously. Talking about the naturally important sites, they are Sagarmatha National Park and Chitwan National Park. Sagarmatha National Park includes the highest peak of the world along with very precious flora and fauna. Chitwan National Park is famous for one horned rhinosceros. Out of ten places seven of them lies within the Kathmandu valley and the rest lies outside. Apart from those two National Parks Lumbini lies out of the Kathmandu valley. Lumbini, the birthplace of Gautam Buddha is very important place. Various Buddhist countries of the world have made their monastries in Lumbini.

Kathmandu Durbar Square, Bhaktapur Durbar Square and Lalitpur Durbar Square are three historically renouned place that are included in the List of World Heritage Sites. They were built during the Malla period and are highly renowned for the craft and design.

Swayambhunath Temple and Bouddhanath stupa are the Buddhist pilgrimages that lies in the World Heritage Site from Kathmandu valley.

Pashupatinath Temple and Changunarayan Temple are rest of the sites included in the World Heritages Sites. Pashupatinath Temple and Changunarayan Temple were built by the Lichchhavi Kings Prachanda Dev and Man Dev respectively. Both of the temples are Hindu temple.

These sites have their own importance so they are included in the List of the World Heritage Site.

This much for today. I hope you will also write about the heritages of your country that are included in the World Heritage Site.

Your Loving Friend

Arsene Adhikari

3. If you are asked to choose a heritage among ten heritages listed in the List of World Heritage, which one do you choose? Why?

Ans: If I were asked to choose one of the heritage site among ten heritages listed in the World Heritage List then I would choose Sagarmatha National Park. Sagarmatha National Park, which covers an area of 1148 square kilometers is one of the natural heritage enlisted in the World Heritage List. This national park includes various lofty snow peak mountains like Lhotse, Choyu, Nuptse, Pumori, Amadablam along with the highest peak of the world Sagarmatha. This national park also covers various precious flora and fauna. This park is teemed with vegetations like Rhododendron, Dhupi, Bhojpatra; animals like Musk Deer Bear, Mongose, Snow Leopard; and birds like Lophophorus.

4. It has frequently been heard that our heritages are degrading day by day from the World Heritages Standards. Some of the heritages have even been warned to be removed from the heritage list. In such a situation what are the measures to be considered for the preservarion of these heritages? Discuss in a group and list five measures. The best suggestions can be forwarded to the concerned agencies.

Ans: It has frequently been heard that our heritages are degrading day by day from the World Heritages Standards. Some of the heritages have even been warned to be removed from the heritage list. In such a situation following measures should be taken. Any five measures are:

• Make the heritage site very very clean. The heritage site should not be made for dumping the waste.

• The local people should form a club and initiate the preservation and the protection of the heritage site.

• Budget should be allocated for the promotion of the heritage site and effective implementation of the budget should be done.

• The new development works should not effect the structure of the Heritage Site.

• No any anti social works should be allowed in the periphery of the heritage site. Security Personnels should be kept to guard the place.

5. Which one do you suggest if you are asked to suggest ten other heritages to include in the List of World Heritage? Why?

Ans: I would suggest the folllowing other heritage sites to include in the world heritage sites. They are as follows:

• Janaki Temple

• Gorkha Palace

• Rara National Park

• Siddha Cave

• Budhanilkantha Temple

• Ranipokhari

• Halesi Mahadev

• Khaptad National Park

• Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve

• Baglung Kalika

I would suggest these places because these heritages are worth to be in the List of World Heritage. They are important culturally, religiously, naturally and historically.

2. Our Folk Songs

Activities

1. Collect the songs you have listened in different places and occasions and then specify them on the basis of places, occasions, castes or religions, where they are sung.

Ans: The songs that I have listened in different places and occasions are specified on the basis of places, occasions, castes or religions, where they are sung.

Songs	Places< /P>	Occasions	Caste or Religions
Bethia Song	Farmland	Asar 15	All
Deusi and Vailo	Home	Tihar	All
Deuda	Open Land	Gatherings	Khas
Jhaure Bhaka	Home	Marriage	All

 

 

2. Collect the songs, which are sung on the occasion of different festivals celebrated by you during a year and list them on the basis of festivals.

Ans: The songs that are sung on the occasion of different festivals celebrated by Hindus are as follows:

Festival	Song
New Year	NA
Asar 15	Asare Song
Shaune Shakranti	NA
Janai Purnima	NA
Teej	Jhaure Song
Dashain	NA
Tihar	Deusi and Vailo

 

3. “Folk song represents the place of culture and the contemporary society”. Justify the statement with example of any folk songs.

Ans: Folk song are the mirror of the society. The happenings of the society come truly in the folk song. Therefore folk song represents the place of the culture and the contemporary society. Songs like hariyo dandha matho halo jotne sathi reflects the nepali traditional way of ploughing the field before the plantation of crops. Similarly songs like asare maina ma pani paryo rujhaune eklo yo mero man kasari bujhaune reflects the contemporary society where the youth go to abroad to earn for the livlihood.

4. Give a brief introduction of famous folk singer Jhalakman Gandharva and Tara Devi, the stars in the field of folk song.

Jhalakman Gandharva: Jhalakman Gandharva is the famous Nepali Folk Singer. He has contributed a lot in the field of Nepali Folk song. He is not only the singer rather he is a great lyricsist and musician. His contribution is praiseworthy.

Tara Devi: Tara Devi is a great personnel who has been a shining star in the field of Nepali Folk Song. Her voice is so melodious that she can make us lost in her musical presentation. Her contribution in the field of Nepali music is praiseworthy.

5. What questions would you ask, if you meet any famous folk singer? Prepare a model Questionnaire.

Ans: The model questionnaire is given below.

How many years have you spent in the field of Folk songs? Could you please share the most memorable moment of your career? What are the challenges that you had to face during the work? Who is your favorite folk singer apart from you? The tradition of listening and singing folk song is decreasing day by day what do you like to tell about it? Which one is your favorite folk song? Could you please sing it?

 

6. Do practice singing your favorite folk songs.

Ans: Students should practice singing any of the favorite folk song. Majhi dai Pokhara FewaTaal ko, Machhi marana ho dai ho, etc are famous folk songs.

 

3. Folk Musical Instruments of Nepal

Activities

1. What is folk musical instrument? Explain in brief.

Ans: The musical instruments that are played in various occasions and are traditional are called folk musical instruments. Folk musical instruments are very popular in the occasions of marriage in village areas of Nepal. A folk musical instrument plays folk music which is suitable for the folk song. Various folk musical instruments are madal, sahanahi, sarangee, murali,etc.

2. Make a list of folk musical instruments that you have seen or known and state what they are made of and which caste they are related with.

Ans: The musical instruments that I have known are stated with their raw materials and the caste related with that instruments are listed below:

Musical Instruments	Materials Used to make them	Caste Related
Madal	Wood, Rubber	Magar
Sarangee	Wood, String	Gandharva
Khaijadi	Leather, Wood	Bhramin
Flute	Bamboo Wood	NA
Sankha< /P>	Shell of sea creature	Bhramin

 

3. State the name of Nepalese Panchai Baja and give a brief introduction for each of them.

Ans: The name of Nepalese Panchai Baja with their brief introduction is listed below.

• Sahanai: it is made of metal shaped like a pipe slightly bent forward has a couple of holes, a reed on top that you blow into.

• Jhyali/Jhymta/Jhurma (Cymbal): It is a couple of flat round dish-like musical instrument made of brass or bronze, played by hitting each other.

• Damaha/Nagara (Drum): It is made of leather stretched over the end of a hollow copper bowl played by hitting with sticks.

• Dholak : It is a kind of large drum like Madal made of a hollow wood by stretching leather over both edges and played wuth hands.

• Tyampko: It is also like the Damaha but smaller in size and played by two pieces of stick called Gajo.

4. Separate the musical instruments given in the text into you know and don’t know. If you get the opportunity to visit the relevant places, explore something more information about the instrument, which you don’t know.

Ans: The musical instruments that I know and don’t know are listed below:

Musical Instruments that I know	Musical Instruments that I don’t know
Madal Sarangee Flute /Murali Jhymta /Jhurma Narsingha Nagara /Damaha Sanai Tyamko Sankha Khainjadi Dhol /Dholak Hudko Damphu< /P>	Pungi Tunga Yalamber Ek Tare Urni Dhyangro Binayo Murchunga Masak Dafali Fasmuk Pung Dakkari Irlung Pipari Shringinad

I will try to learn more about the musical instruments that I don’t know.

5. Explain any one of your favorite musical instrument with illustration.

Ans: My favorite folk musical instrument is Sarangee because I love hearing the sound produced by this musical instrument. Sarangi is a traditional folk musical instruments especially played by the Gandharva. It is a traditional folk instrument made of a piece of wood, the bottom of which is made a hollow and four strings are fastened tightly with four wooden nails fixed on the top of it. It is played by rubbing on a group of strings left and right repeatedly with a small stick.

6. Some of our musical instruments are disappearing. What measures would you suggest to preserve them? Write by discussing in a group.

Ans: Some of our musical instruments are disappearing. We need to preserve them because they are the part of our culture and tradition. Also the folk musical instruments are the pride of our civilization. So we must preserve those musical instruments at any cost. Any of the measures to preserve the folk musical instruments are as follows:

• Some clubs at local level should initiate the preservation of the folk musical instruments because they are our identity.

• Competition to play folk musical instruments should be organized in the society so that they will be preserved. Attractive prizes should be awarded to the winners. This will help in the preservation of the folk musical instruments.

• Awareness programme should organize so people will initiate to preserve them.

By the following ways traditional folk musical instruments can be preserved.

 

7. Folk musical instrument represents any of the place or caste specific culture. Justify with logic.

Ans: A folk musical instrument represents any of the places of caste and specific culture. Different caste has their own traditional culture and tradition and folk musical instruments also come along with them. By the way any specific caste plays the musical instruments we can recognize their caste and their place.

We know that madal is the traditional musical instrument of the magar community and sarangee is the traditional musical instrument of the gandharva community. Similarly khaijadi and sankha are the traditional musical instruments of the bhramin community. Binayo is the traditional musical instrument of the kirant communituy. In this way we can say that the folk musical instruments represent any of the place or the caste and culture.

8. The typical traditional Nepali Panche Baja, which is played in weeding ceremonies, has gradually been replaced by the imported western band. It has almost been replaced in urban area and it is in increasing trend towards village area as well. In this situation what measures need to be taken for the preservation and keeping them into practice? Prepare an editorial for a newspaper.

Editorial Panchai Baja; Nepali Band Panche Baja is the typical and traditional type of set of musical instruments which have been played in the weeding ceremony of the Nepalese people. But due to westernization and modernization the Nepalese traditional musical instrument is getting extinct in the urban areas. But we need to be aware that if the western band will put its impact in village area then our next generations will only read about the Nepalese Panchai Baja in their history books. In such condition we need to take the initiation of the preservation of the Nepalese Panchai Baja. In the weeding ceremonies this should be brought into practice and preserve our very important asset and our culture and tradition. If all the community will seriously implement this then Nepali Panchai Baja will be preserved.

 

4. Our Classical and Folk Dance

Activities

1. What are the differences between classical dance and folk dance? Write on the basis of study and discussion.

Ans: The differences between the classical dances and folk dances are listed below:

Classical Dances	Folk Dances
Classical dances are based on the ancient treaties.	Folk dances are based on our social customs and traditions.
Classical dances require rigorous training.	Folk dances require energy to dance.
Professional choreography is needed to perform the classical dance.	No any professionals are required for this dance.
Classical dances are based in the classical songs.	Folk dances are based in the folk songs.

 

2. Song, dance and music are complementary to each other. In absence of any one it is meaningless. Why? Give your logic.

Ans: Songs and dances are complementary to each other. Definitely without the presence of one, another is meaningless as it cannot give the true flavor of entertainment. If there is a beautiful song and music but no dance then that is of no importance. Similarly if there is dance but no song then that is also like tea without sugar which is of no taste. So both song and dance should go together to take the taste of tradition.

3. What sort of dance Dhan Nach? Which cast the dance is related to?

Ans: Dhan Nach is the dance which is performed b holding the hands in the social occasions of fairs and festivals. This dance is related to Limbu caste. However Rais also perform this dance.

4. Organize a folk dance competition programme in your class forming an organizing committee and evaluation committee from your class. You can manage some sort of prize for the winners.

Ans: Students should organize the folk dance competition by forming the group and award the winners.

5. Among the dances given in the text, which of the folk and classical dances do you know? Classify them into two groups which you know and don’t know. And try to explore some more information on the dances which you don’t know.

Ans: The dances that I know and don’t know are listed below:

Dances that I know	Dances that I don’t know
Dhan Dance Chandi Dance Kaura Dance Deuda Dance Ghatu Dance Maruni Dance Hudkeli Dance Dandi Dance Sorathi Dance	Gauna Dance Madikhole Dance Mundhum Dance Chyabrung Dance Hopcha Dance Chariya Dance Bhairav Dance Hanuman Dance Charitra Dance Khyali Dance Singaru Dance Tarware Dance Chhokara Dance Panchabuddha Dance

 

6. Curriculum Development Centre, Sanothimi has been organizing folk song, folk dance and classical dance competition each year. Collect the information about the procedures to participate in the competition and plan to participate from your school. Similarly, prepare a statement of folk dance and classical dance that are prevalent on your community and send them to local newspapers and Curriculum Development Centre, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur.

 

5. Our National Days

Activities

1. Draw pictures and posters that represent our National Days and write their captions.

2. What do you do or have been doing in the National days? Explain.

Ans: I have been doing various works on the occasion of the National Days. In the national days I have been attending the rallies and celebrating it. I also took part in the debate competition organized in the occasion of Democracy Day last year. In this way I have been celebrating the National days.

3. What would be the ways of celebrating the National Days that satisfies you? Write a letter to the editor of the Gorkhapatra National Daily.

 

To the Editor 17 May 2014

Gorkhapatra National Daily

Swayambhu

Kathmandu

Nepal

 

Dear sir,

This is to bring to your notice that I am quite unhappy by the way the national days are being celebrated in our country. National days are the significant days because in these days we had made a remarkable achievement in the past days. National days are the day of pride in which we celebrate the day of victory. I would like to suggest some new and fresh ways to celebrate the national days.

In the past days the charm of the national days is not as per the expectation of the ones who had made a remarkable contribution to make the things happen in those times. We have been making few lectures on the occasion of the national days forgetting the contribution of the martyr and their family. Rather than just making fake announcement of developing the country I think it would better if the government can establish organizations in the name of the martyrs annually in order to help the needy people. The achievements have been made in the past and country has been said to be set into peace. But various happenings like kidnapping, robbery, murdering, etc have not be stopped. It would be the topic of concern for all the people if the government can flash their achievement in solving such problems. The government should not only give attention to the wounded ones in the occasion of the national days but should give proper care and attention then their physical as well as mental wound will be healed.

So it would be better if the country can march forward with the achievements made so far.

Hope you will take this matter seriously and publish this article so that all the people will be aware about this fact.

Yours Sincerely,

Luis Suarez

 

4. Play the role by divide groups and select one activity per group from among the activities performed in National Days and then prepare one News for anyone them.

Rally In Democracy Day There had been a rally organized in the occasion of the democracy day. The democracy day is celebrated on 7th of Falgun every year in order to commemorate the significant achievement of that day. 104 years of monopoly of the Ranas in the government was forced to kneel down by the strong voice of the people. So the rally was organized around the Hanuman Dhoka Palace in the Basantapur. The students were carrying the playcard with the voice of democracy and were also chanting the slogans very loudly on the occasion. Many of the local people also joined the rally and chanted the slogan and helped to make the event successful one. After the rally a small group was made and our school captain delivered a very inspiring speech on this topic. Also one of the family members of the martyr was also respected in the ceremony.

 

5. Pedestrians or wayfarer may feel difficulties of the blockage on the ways at the time of processions of any celebrations. Trace out the route for a procession indicating time so that pedestrians may not be disturbed.

Ans: Pedestrians feel difficulty in the processions of the celebrations of the national days.

The blockage of the way on the rally makes it difficult for them. So we need to manage a specific time for the celebration. The time to celebrate the national day is suitable from 1 pm to 5 pm. This time is suitable because many people can participate on it.

 

6. International Personalities

Activities

1. Give a brief introduction of Helen Keller and Stephen Hawking.

Ans:

Helen Keller: Helen Keller was born on June 27, 1880 in Tuscumbia, United States of America. She was admitted to the school for blind children at the age of seven. Her teacher Anna Sullivan brought tremendous change in her life. She became the first graduate from among the blind and deaf in 1904 AD. Her book “The story of my life” became very popular throughout the world. She has established many institutions and organizations for the welfare of the deaf and blind people. She was a very good social worker.

Stephen Hawking: Stephen Hawking was born in Oxford City, England in January 8, 1942. He was born normally but the dreadful neurological disease made him bed ridden. He obtained school education from an ordinary private school and accomplished higher education from Oxford University up to research level. Stephen Hawking became an established scientist of the world and brought his ideas through the book entitled “A Brief History of Time. He has contributed a lot to the modern science through his hard work and his continuous effort.

2. What are the similarities and dissimilarities between the two stars Helen Keller and Stephen Hawking?

Ans: The similarity between the two stars Helen Keller and Stephen Hawking areas follows:

They were both normal child by birth. They later became disabling but they continued their hard work and did a great contribution to the society and the whole world. They both got a good platform to study and progress.

 

The dissimilarities between the two stars Helen Keller and Stephen Hawking are:

Helen Keller	Stephen Hawking
She is a lady.	He is a male.
Her physical disability was blind and deaf.	His physical disability was paralysis except the two fingers.
She was born in USA.	He was born in England.
Her contribution is related to the field of Social Science.	His contribution is related to astronomy and physics.

 

 

3. What did Stephen Hawking discover?

Ans: Stephen Hawking has made a great contribution in the field of astronomy and physics. General theory of Relativity propounded by Albert Einstein and the Quantum Theory of the twentieth century are the great achievement of science. Hawking accomplished a further research on ‘ fusion of these two theories that brings the real mystery of the universe out’. He discovered that the Black Hole is not as black as it was supposed to be. Some radiation may be coming out of it.

4. “Disabled people can do far better than that of normal people do, if they get the opportunities”. Justify the statement with especial reference to Helen Keller and Stephen Hawking?

Ans: Disabled people are differently able people. Such people if are provided with enough opportunities then they can do a great work for the mankind. Disabled people can do even better than the normal people if they are surrounded by good opportunities. Helen Keller and Stephen Hawking are two of the such great people who have contributed a lot to the world. So other normal people should be inspired of such great heroes.

• Helen Keller was deaf and blind but because of her courage and hard work she was able to graduate and contribute to the world by establishing an organization for deaf and blind.

• Stephen Hawking also contributed to the world in the field of physics and astronomy although his whole body was paralyzed except two fingers.

Therefore all the normal people should be inspired by the hard work of these great people.

5. Search the news and articles published in different magazines and newspapers about Jhamak Kumari. Find out which district is she from, how she is and what the things she did.

Ans: Jamak Kumari Ghimire is a lady born in Dhankuta district of Nepal. She is also a disable lady but her contribution to Nepali Literature is great. She didn't go to school but she learned to read and write from the books and copies of her brothers and sisters. She struggled a lot to read and write becaue she could not move her hands and legs except her left leg. She uses her left leg to write and do other works. She won madan puraskar for her book “Jivan Kanda Ki Fool”. Her contribution to Nepali literature is great. She has been in incredible lady and has set an example of all other people.

6. What things can we follow from the life of Helen Keller and Stephen Hawking? What should we do to respect such personalities?

Ans: The life of Helen Keller and Stephen Hawking is s inspirational one. Although they were deaf and blind and paralyzed they struggled in their field and found a great success in their life. We should be aware that even though the disabled people when are provided with good opportunities are contributing significantly to the world then normal people should be able to do far better.

In order to respect such great personalities we need to establish more and more organization in their name of such great people. Their life should be included in the text books so that students will be inspired from them. In such ways we can respect such people.

Social Problem and Prevention

1. Girls Trafficking and Prostitution

Activities

1. a. Discuss in groups and list down the causes of girls' trafficking. Find out the causes as many as you can.

Ans : The causes of girls' trafficking are as follows:

• Poverty

• Ignorance

• Illiteracy

b . 'Girl's trafficking is a social evil'. What is your opinion on it. Give your logic.

Ans : Girls' trafficking is a social evil. It is a very bad work. The process of luring the poor and innocent girls with various opportunities and selling them for either forced labour or prostitution is called girls trafficking. It is also a human trade which is illegal throughout the world. It is a great mistake that the ones involved in it doing. They are forced to work in the prostitution and have to bear physical as well as mental torture. They also will suffer from various dangerous diseases like HIV/AIDS and others. They are compelled to be a prostitute and serve the ones who ever come there. They will suffer from sexual harassment. When they are poor and illiterate they will suffer from such great problems. There flesh trade is a social evil prevailing in the society.

2. Imagine the conditions of girls trafficking in a district and compose a poem or song or write a drama on it.

Ans :

Girls Trafficking Do not traffick the girls They are diamond and pearls It is a social evil It is a work of devil It is a crime Morality is prime Girls trafficking is very bad Their parent will be very sad Do not traffick the girls They are diamond and pearls It is a social evil It is a work of devil

3. Try to compose a poem with the information about the troubles of the innocent girls who are sold.

Ans :

Sold I want freedom please Make my life with ease Do not give me torture I want a good future I am the girl who is sold I would be given a good job was told I am forced for prostitution I want some help from some institution I want freedom please Make my life with ease Do not give me torture I want a good future

4. Study the following statements and prepare answers to those who have such opinion.

As we have no money we live in difficulty. It might be some relief if we can send our daughters to work in town. We do not like to send our daughters to schools. They should remain in the home to do household works. Women can do nothing but they can earn money in foreign countries. After all we are make, what will it be for us? I don't care it. One day she goes other's home. She does not stay with us for long. It would be better to involve in such activities to escape from the hard life in the garment factory.

Ans : Life not the bed of roses. We have to face turmoil and tensions as well as moment of happiness in one's life. We might have difficulty in the life but sending the daughter to the town for work is not only the ultimate solution. If the daughter is good enough and is laborious then she can definitely make a remarkable progress in uplifting the standard of the family. Girls and boys are equal. Both are as important to each other. If the mother of the family is educated than the standard of the family will be raised high. Girls also should be sending to the school because they can also work and perform as the boys can do if they will be provided with enough opportunities and chances. It is not true that women van work in the foreign country only. If the women are sent to the foreign countries for the work then the women may have to face sexual abuse and sexual harassment as well. We need to think about the consequences before doing any of the work. It is true that the girls goes to others house after their marriage according to our society. Even though she goes to others home after all she will be the daughter. After giving birth it is the prime duty of the parent to provide them with good education so that they can have a better future ahead of them. Many people think that the work in the garment factories and the carpet factories are very good to earn their livelihood but the researches have told that those places are the common places for sexual harassment.

So we need to think and contemplate for a long time before the future of the children. A small negligence and ignorance from the side of the parent may give result to a very dark and frustrating future for the children afterwards.

5. List down the long term objectives to stop girls' trafficking.

Ans : Girls trafficking is a great social evil. Long term objectives to stop girls' trafficking are as follows:

• Mass meeting and publicity awareness programmes should be organized.

• The public people should be made literate and they should be able to control such problem in their area.

• The culprits should be punished very severely or hanged until death so other traders have a good lesson to leave this dirty work.

• The people should be very aware and if people with vary unfamiliar nature appears in the village then should be very much active and vigilant about the activity of the strange person.

• The girls should be sent to the school and they should be provided with enough care and attention.

• Self defense course for the girls can be very helpful.

6. What are the endeavors and activities being carried out to stop girls trafficking in our country? Conduct a study and answer it.

Ans : The activities that have been carried out to control girls trafficking are as follows:

• Maiti Nepal is working seriously to stop this illegal flesh trade in the country.

• There have been awareness programmes been organized in various remote areas of the country.

• The Government of Nepal has been working seriously in the border security to stop the girls from being sold to India.

• The Government is also initiating for the policy of education for all and has targeted girls to send to the school.

• Self defense course have been given to the girls to prevent themselves.

2. Social Malpractices

Activities

1. Why is untouchability prevailing in our society? What is its impact in the society and how can we control this system. Discuss it in the group and write answer.

Ans : Untouchability is a great social discrimination prevailing in the society. Due to this problem many people in the society are not able to live a life with freedom. The ways to solve the problem of untouchability in the society are as follows:

• Awareness programme should be organized in the society by various ways.

• The ones who follow untouchability and social discrimination should be neglected from the society.

• The people following untouchability should be punished by the law of the country.

2. Write playcards, banners and the slogans against the untouchability and visit your town/village.

Ans :

Untouchability is a crime.

Students should carry such types of banners and organize a rally.

3. Prepare a pamphlet against untouchability and other social absurdities and stick it on the walls of your area.

Ans : Students should each make a pamphlet against untouchability and stick in the walls of the classroom.

4. What is dowry system? Why is it a social problem?

Ans : Dowry system is the system of offering a lot of wealth and properties to the daughter in her family. Definitely dowry system is a social problem. Dowry system is a social problem because they has resulted the following problems:

• Poor people cannot offer such wealth and properties because of which their daughter has to remain unmarried.

• The dowry system has also resulted for the crime in the society.

• Due to dowry system many girls have lost their life for not bringing more dowries.

5. What do you feel about Janakpurdham declaration? Analyze the declaration and prepare a news article against a particular social problem.

Chhaupadi system Chhaupadi system is a great problem which is prevailing in the mid western and far western hill districts of the country. It is the system in which the female when has menstruation then have to spend the time in the cowshed without good food and clothing. The lady will have to face a great problem in the cowshed. When the girls need proper care and attention they are kept away from the home and they will be mentally tortured. Even due to lack of care and attention many of them suffer from various diseases and even lose their life. So this type of social problems should be stopped with the impact of urbanization and modernization.

3. Corruption: A Major Social Problem

Activities

1. Why is corruption taken as a social problem?

Ans : Corruption is taken as a major social problem because the corrupt people misuse the public fund and hinder the development of the nation. Due to corruption people are not able to utilize the social development fund rather that is being utilized by the people sitting in the higher authority for their personal benefit. Due to corruption the country is lagging behind in the development endeavors. Therefore corruption is taken as the major social problem.

2. What are the causes of corruption in our country? Write on the basis of your study had group discussion.

Ans : The causes of corruption in the country are as under:

• Absence of a very good government body to check the corruption in the country.

• Very slow and ineffective work of CIAA.

• Very large circle of the corrupt people.

• Tendency of offering bribe for very small work in the Government office.

3. Analyze the corruption index given by Transparency International and present it in your own words.

Ans : Transparency International produces the corruption perception index to evaluate the condition of corruption in the country. The CPI score determines the limit of corruption in the particular country. According to the data produced by transparency International in 2006 AD the corruption perception index is evaluated under the full mark of 10. The country having the score nearer to 10 are the least corrupt countries in the world where as the countries having the CPI score nearer to 0 means the country is the most corrupt one. The score above 5 indicates that there is not a big problem of corruption in the country. According to the report published Finland, New Zealand and Iceland with the CPI score of 9.6 stand at the top and the least corrupt country of the world where as Haiti and Myanmar with the CPI score of 1.8 and 1.9 stand at last and second last place respectively. This proves that they are the most corrupt countries in the world. Similarly Nepal has the CPI score of 2.5 which indicates that the problem of corruption in the country is also very high. Among the SAARC countries Bhutan is the least corrupt country with the CPI score of 6.0 and Bangladesh the most corrupt with the CPI score of 2.0.

4. The Commission for Investigation of Abuse of Authority is working to control the corruption in the country. But it is still increasing. Why?

Ans : The Commission for Investigation of Abuse of Authority is working to control corruption in the country. This is a governmental body whose work is to just check the corruption in the country. But instead of decreasing corruption in the country the level of corruption is still increasing in the country. The reasons behind the increment of corruption in the country are as follows:

• There is a very large and strong bond of the corrupt people in the higher authority which has made the policy of corruption and worked for their personal benefit.

• The corrupt people are not being punished by the law which has even encouraged the corrupt people.

• The Commission for Investigation of Abuse of Authority is itself filled with corrupt people who do not do their work properly.

• The good government employees who try to work sincerely are suppressed by the group of corrupt people.

5. Collect the news about the activities of the Commission for Investigation of Abuse of Authority from newspapers. What do you feel about the activities; give your suggestions to the Commission.

Ans : The Commission for Investigation of Abuse of Authority is nowadays working sincerely to control corruption in the country. Very renowned political leaders are also being punished for corruption. A group of officers of Nepal Police have also been punished by this authority for their corruption called 'Sudan Ghotala'. Many higher officers were imprisoned and the former ministers who had misused the governmental fund and property during their tenure were also imprisoned. This is a very good initiation of the governmental body to control corruption. Hope the commission can continue the momentum.

6. Make a slogan against the corruption and stick them on the walls.

Ans : Students should make such types of postures and stick them on the walls of classroom.

May the corrupt people be bitten by tiger. They should suffer from MONEYPHOBIA. CORRUPT PEOPLE SHOULD BE HANGED UNTIL DEATH.

4. Drugs Addiction

Activities

1. What is to be done to control the drugs trafficking by the government and the people?

Ans : Drug trafficking has emerged as a major social problem of the country. Following things can be done by the Government and the people to control drug trafficking. They are:

• The border should be very strictly checked so that no drug trafficking will get the way.

• The traffickers when caught should be punished very severely and the main trafficker should also be punished.

• If the people get any hint about the drug trafficker then should report to the nearest police station.

• Awareness programme

2. What are the causes of drugs addiction? Make a list.

Ans : The causes of drug addiction are as follows:

• Peer pressure from the friend.

• Negative perception of getting relief from tension.

• False assumption of making bright mind.

• To feel superior among the friends.

3. Your best friend may request you to use drug, how would you disagree?

Ans : Although my best friend will request me for drug then I will gather a strong courage to say NO because it is very harmful to our health. I am ready to leave the friend than to take drugs. I will convince my friend to stay away from this drug by telling him the harmful effect of drugs.

4. Make a list of the effects of drug addiction to the person, family and the society?

Ans : The list of the effects of drug addiction to the person, family and the society are as follows:

• The person will develop slurred speech and will not be able to take control over the body.

• The person will not be able to be involved in the social activities.

• The person will have lack of money to buy drugs and will start to do illegal works to collect the money.

• The family will get disturbed by the impact of the drug addict as their family member.

• They will often go against the rules of the society and do various illegal activities to buy drugs.

• The society will not be able to get the advantage of the people of the society which will hinder the development of the society.

5. If you are asked to compose a short poem, song or some sentences to be aired through radio program, what would you write? Prepare a radio message to be aired within 15 seconds.

Lets develop a habit to say NO to any of the bad offers made to us. Ignore even of the one to offer is the closest member of your heart.

5. Refugee Problem

Activities

1. Write an article about UNHCR on the following points.

• Historical background

• Objectives

• Its present work

• Economic resources

• UNHCR activities in Nepal

UNHCR: AN ORGANIZATION FOR REFUGEE The people who are forced to leave their land because of the fear and political terror are termed as refugees. The country in which they flee away the countries which take care of them are termed as the host countries. The responsibility of the host country is to take care of the refugees for their food, clothing and shelter. The refugees are in very large in number in the world. Not only had the host countries the refugees are taken care by un specialized organization called UNHCR. UNHCR was established in 1951 AD to help the refugees in the second world war. It provides help and supports the refugees. Now UNHCR is working in 115 different countries of the world. UNHCR provides medical treatment to the refugees along with food and shelter. The main objective of UNHCR is to send back the refugee to their own country. This organization has worked to make the refugees free from political terror and exploitation. The refugees have to live a very difficult life. UNHCR has also been rehabilitating the refugees to the third country if they do not want to return back to their own country. The main economic resource for UNHCR is the United Nations Organization and the donor countries. Various NGOs and INGOs also help this organization to build the economy. Our country has also been the host country for one lakh Bhutanese refugees since 1990 AD. Nepal has also been the host country for the Tibetan refugees. UNHCR is taking care of these refugees by keeping them different camps in Jhapa district of Mechi zone. The refugees had entered Nepal from Bhutan by refusing to implement the Drukpa culture of the country. UNHCR and FAO are helping them for their livelihood. With the help provided by UNHCR the refugee's problem in Nepal is not a big burden for the Government.

2. Consult a mass media (read newspaper listen to the radio, watch the television) as your access and find out the places of refugees' shelter in the world. Why the people left their homes. List down their problems.

Ans : The reasons behind the refugees leaving their home are as follows:

• Political fear

• Fear of persecution

• Natural calamities

• Civil war

• Government pressure

• Insecurity

6. Role of international organization to Solve Social Problems

Activities

1. Fill in the blanks.

People live together because of harmony. They cannot live in the absence of basic needs . A person wants to live in the society and can be an important citizen.

2. There are some other international organizations working in our country which is not listed above. Find them and mention their names and works.

Ans : The lists of the other international organizations that have been working in the country along with their work are listed below:

Name of organization	Work of the organization
KADOORIE	Construction works
SAHAS	Rural development

3. International organizations are playing important role for social reform and development work in Nepal. Discuss in the group and write about them.

Ans : International organizations are playing an important role for social reform and rural development of the society in Nepal. Those organizations have been working voluntarily for the welfare of the country. United Nations Fund for Population Activities provides encouragement for the Nepalese women to participate in the development work. Similarly Norwegian Agency for International Development provides free legal service to the Nepalese women. Other organizations also have been working in the country for the welfare of the country. They have helped for the country to develop and also to uplift the standard of the Nepalese people. The help of the International organizations for the development work is incredible.

4. Look at the given logo and write a paragraph on it.

IUCN International World Conservation Union

Ans : International Union for the Conservation of Nature is an international world conservation union which works for the conservation of nature in various parts of the countries. This international organization helps to make policy to conserve the important assets of the nature and also to make the maximum benefit from less exploitation. This organization have been working in Nepal has also been supporting the Nepalese Government whole-heartedly for its development endeavors.

7. Role of Scouts in the Development of Nepal

Activities

1. When was the Nepalese scouts started?

Ans : A Nepalese scout was started in 1993 AD.

2. Draw the Nepalese scout emblem. Why each figure are triangular? What can you see some more?

Ans :

3. The main aim of scouts is to be ready all time. Why is it important to all youth? Think about daily life, accident and future perspective.

Ans : the main aim of the scouts is to be ready all time. This is important to all the youths. If the youth become ever ready then definitely there when any problem arises then the solution can be obtained easily. The society will be a very prosperous and good place to live in. When the youths of the society become ever ready to do any task then the daily life will be very prosperous. If any accident will occur then also the situation can be taken in control easily. Similarly the future of the society will be very secure and safe. The society will progress to the path of development.

4. Make five sentences using the following words: break, high class, challenging, four to twenty five years, nations and citizens, help, pleasant, worldwide peace.

Ans : Nepalese scouts have very good morale and they never break rule and regulations. Their high class behavior is always impressive. They are challenging and they never give up. The students of scouts are normally from four to twenty five years. They are loyal to both nation and citizens. They help each other in the time of need and are pleasant. Scouts have been contributing a lot to the worldwide peace.

5. Mention about the dress of Nepalese girls and boys scouts.

Ans : The dress of Nepalese girls scout is either sari or frock. Boys scout wear light grey shirts with bright grey pants. Both boys and girls scout tie scarf as per the company color in their neck.

6. Have you taken scouts training? If you have, how did you take? Mention your experience. If you have not, ask a trained person about training activities and make note.

Ans : Yes I have taken the training the scouts. Scouts are taught as the compulsory subject in our school. In the course of the training I have also taken the patrol leader training. The patrol leader training was held in Kakani. In the course of training we were taught various things. The special thing about the training is the ways of making different types of knots out of a single scout rope. In the course of training we were taught to cook food on stone, onion and potato. We were taught to help the friends on various difficult times. We were made to rock falling, crouching and moving through the tunnel. We were also taught various physical exercises along with the self defense course. In the course of trekking we were taught to follow various kinds of symbols used. Scout also teaches their students to know the meaning of different kind of whistle. Campfire in the end of the training day will always be highly entertaining in the training.

These are the experience that I had during the time of my scouting days.

8. Contribution of the Red Cross and SOS for Development

Activities

1. How Henry Dunant contributed to establish Red Cross?

Ans : Henry Dunant contributed to establish Red Cross by appealing the delegates from various 16 countries of the world to follow the policy of world peace not attacking the war victims. In this way Henry Dunant by his strong initiation established Red Cross Society.

2. What was the agreement of the Geneva Treaty?

Ans : The agreement of the Geneva Treaty was the agreement of not to attack the wounded soldiers and the Red Cross volunteers. This treaty is in favor of the protection of captive soldiers as well as general public.

3. How do the Red Cross volunteers conduct rescue activities in the flood and earthquake?

Ans : Red Cross volunteers conduct rescue activities in the flood and earthquake by various ways:

• They reach the accident spot and do the rescue with the help of rope and other things because they are highly trained workers.

• The Red Cross volunteers also do the first aid treatment to the victims of the flood and earthquake.

• The Red Cross volunteers also distribute food and other necessary items by various means.

• Red Cross volunteers also provide ambulance service to the seriously injured ones.

In this way the Red Cross volunteers conduct the rescue activities in the flood and earthquake.

4. Red Cross Society provides trainings to the youths to work in the disasters and also organize eye camps, blood donation and community health programme. Is there a junior Red Cross unit in your school? How does it help in the neighbor?

Ans : Red Cross Society provides trainings to the youths to work in the disasters and also organize eye camps, blood donation and community health programme. As there is no junior Red Cross unit in my school we are not able to help the society through the red cross programme. But the similar types of activities are done to help the neighbor.

5. Whom does SOS help and how? Make a note on the basis of your study and discussion.

Ans : SOS helps the orphans and the homeless children by providing shelter and education. SOS is a nonprofit social service organization which takes care of such types of children. SOS villages are running in Sanothimi, Itahari, Pokhara, Surkhet, Chitwan and Banepa.

6. What is the full form of SOS?

Ans : The full form of SOS is Save Our Soul.

7. Mention the contribution of SOS in our country.

Ans : SOS is a social service organization which has been contributing a lot for the orphans and homeless children throughout the world. This organization has been assisting such children in 133 different countries of the world. This organization is also looking after the orphans and the helpless children in different places of Nepal. It has become a great help for such children to build their better future. Its contribution to country to take care of such children is praiseworthy.

Our Past

7.1 Delhi Agreement and the end of 2007 Revolution
Activities
1. Prepare a conversation on how you feel the consequences of the revolution on the basis of the events and declarations given in the text or write a letter to your friend on that context.
2. How do you plan the celebration of the democracy day on 7th of Falgun, if you are made responsible for that job?
3. Prepare a poster for democracy day.
4. Why did people realize that democracy after the declaration of democracy in 2007 BS? Prepare a report on the changes that occurred in the community due to the declaration.
5. Why was the Delhi agreement protested? Express your view.

7.2 Political Events from 2007 BS to 2017 BS
Activities
1. State any two features of the Interim Legislation of 2007 B.S.
2. Copy the timeline in your copy as given below. Each inch is divided into 12 months. There are short lines for 12 months between two longer ones. Write the major historical events on the basis of text by making the respective month line longer when the event occurs.
A. What political events are indicated by the time line above? Give a short description of each of them .
B. Make a story without stating any dates supposing that you were the witness of all the events indicated in the time line above. You can start in this way:"I was ten years old at that time. My .......... Explained me about the concept of democracy." But do not extend it more than half a page or ten lines.

7.3 Direct Rule and Ban over Political Parties
Activities
1. Why is the 1st Poush, 2017 BS considered as the "Black Day" in the history of Nepal?
2. Write the reasons stated by the King Mahendra while banning the political parties.
3. State the social and economic aspects during the period of 2007 BS to 2017 BS and write their impacts .
4. If you were a member of any political party, what sort of protesting programs would you organize against the ban over the political parties on Poush, 2017 BS. Sketch a framework for it.

7.4 Political Events from 2017 BS to 2036 BS
Activities
1. The constitution of Nepal-2019 was amended three times. What changes were made in these amendments ? Write by finding them.
2. What was the cause of referendum that was held in 2036 BS?
3. Which panel did win the election of referendum in 2036 BS? Find out the causes behind it.
4. State the political events with dates from 2017 BS to 2036 BS in chronological order in the following table. You can get help from your teachers in school, parents at your home and social workers or politicians in your community. Discuss with your friends in class and finalize it after the completion of filling the table based on the information you collected from different sources.
5. What changes occurred in education sector from 2017 BS date? Write with the help of your teachers or parents.
6. The Civil Act was declared on 1st Bhadra, 2020 BS. However, the discrimination concerning caste is still prevailing in the society. Women, Dalits, indigenous/ethnic people are still being exploited in different ways. How could you participate in the campaign of complete elimination of the discriminations from the society? Formulate a plan.

7.5 Political Events from 2036 BS to 2046 BS
Activities
1. What things do you see in the following picture? Write an editorial based on the picture.
2. Show the major events during 2036 BS to 2046 BS in a timeline.
3. Why did Nepali Congress, United Leftists' Front and United People's National Movement Committee decided to conduct People's Movement?
4. Why the Panchayat System could not retain longer? Find out causes behind it.
5. Many people were martyred for the establishment of multi-party system. What did the successive government do to acknowledge and respect the Martyrs and their contributions? Find them out and write.

7.6 Political Events after 2046 BS
Activities
1. What were two major tasks of the interim government after the people's movement in 2046 BS? Explain .
2. What changes did the Maoist People's war brought after 2052 BS in the country?
3. Why is the step taken by the King on 18th of Asoj, 2059 not in favour of democracy? Justify.
4. How did the direct ruling of the King after 19th of Magh, 2061 BS affect the Nepalese people? Explain .
5. People's Movement-II was continued for 19 days from 24th Chaitra, 2062 BS to 11th Baishakh, 2063 BS . Make a list of the major events of the movement by collecting the information from different sources , either reading newspapers and magazines, watching news in Television, Listening to radio, asking from seniors or from your own experiences.
6. What are the strengths of the democratic ruling system established by the movement of 2046 BS? Discuss in a group of your friends and draw a conclusion. List separately the conclusions drawn after the discussion .
7. Show the economic and social achievement from 2046 BS to date in a table.

7.7 Causes of the World War I
Activities
1. The facts regarding the status of European countries are given in this lesson. What do the facts indicate ? Do the facts indicate the reasons of the First World War? If so, how? Explain on the basis of each fact. And why did you think the diseases, anxiety and poverty are the enemies of mankind? How do you plan to get rid of these problems? Show your plan in a table as follows.

Problem	Immediate Plan	Result
Poor Health	Yoga or Sports	Free from using medicine
Anxiety
Poverty
Labour

2. Make a list of persons, their designation and places mentioned in the lesson. Distribute the tags of person, designation and place to your friends in your class and ask them to write a conversation based on above events. Demonstrate a role play on these conversations. Assign a friend as a reporter to write a report on the roles played by the friends and read the report at the end of the class.

7.8 Main Events and Consequences of World War I
Activities
1. How do you agree on the matter that the First World War was the cause of Second World War?
2. How has the fact 'revenge is not the solution' been proved from the world war?
3. What were the major events happened in the First World War? Present in a table.
4. What were the effects of the First World War? Make a list.
5. What roles did the Nepalese military force played in the First World War?

7.9 Causes of World War II
Activities
1. Germany seems guiltier in the causes of the Second World War. Were not the other nations guilty un signing the Versailles Treaty insulting Germany? If they were guilty, how? If they were not guilty, how? What were the vested interests of England and Russia in the war?
2. A Journalist asked Albert Einstein a question, "What kind of weapons will be used, if the Third World War takes place?" Then he replied, "I don't know what kind of weapons will be used in the Third World War but if the Fourth World War takes place, there will be weapons of stone." Give your logic agreeing the statement of Albert Einstein that war never favors to the welfare of mankind.

7.10 Main Events of World War II
Activities
1. How did World War II end? Mention clearly.
2. Elaborate the major events and consequences of the World War II and Nepal's role in this war.

Economics Activities

8.1 Tourism Industry and Its Importance
Activities
1. Look at the picture and answer the following questions:
a) What do you mean by rafting?
b) What types of rivers, it is possible to do rafting?
c) Do earning from this sector support daily lives?
2. Prepare an editorial related to tourism, on the basis of given facts below.
a) The tourists stay in five star hotels, travel by air for sightseeing go Pokhara and Mt. Everest.
b) Two students visiting Annapurna base camp took a shelter in a lodge.
c) Some Japanese businessman is staying in a lodge situated in Chitwan National Park on their holidays .
d) A woman has a dream to climb Mt. Everest, though she has no experience in the field. Now, she is preparing to give a try.

"Leave Nothing but Foot Prints Take Nothing but Photos"

3. Write down five points about the positive and negative effects of tourism in our society.
4. Facilities of hotels are also one of the aspects in attracting tourists. The number of hotels till 2006 is listed below. Draw a bar graph on the basos of the information given.
a) Five Star hotels-9
b) Four Star hotels-8
c) Three Star hotels-17
d) Two Star hotels-36
e) One Star hotels-41

8.2 Possibility of Tourism Industry in Nepal
Activities
1. There is information at the entrance of tourist areas. Copy these in your notebook and write down the main four activities of the tables given below.
2. An appropriate slogan:
Describe what should tourists leave what they shouldn't take and what they should take.
3. Solukhumbu, Langtang, Heylambhu, Annapurna, Sailung are the main trekking areas. There are other areas being opened cautiously. This can preserve the environment as well as control local people. Rolwaling , Manaslu, Gorkha, Dolpa are the areas going to be opened soon. Locate these places in the map of Nepal and write down the place which one happens to be nearest from your home.

8.3 Problems of Tourism Industry in Nepal
Activities
1. Make a table as shown below and write down the things which tourists do that are good and bad.

Good things	Bad things

2. Here are the activities which the internal tourists want to do here in Kathmandu. All the activities are of half day except the last one. Make a list like the one below of the activities you want to do with reference to a tourism area.
• Visit Pashupatinath
• Visit Sayambhunath
• Visit Palaces
• Visit Zoo
• Shopping in New Road
• Watch football match
• Visit airports
• Visit Bouddhanath
• Swimming
• Watch Movies
• Visit Budhanilkantha
• Picnic in Godavari Botanical Garden
3. How will you spend three days in Kathmandu? Make a plan for it. If you are a resident of Kathmandu make a plan for your nephew who is coming to Kathmandu.
4. As a class ten student, if you have been to five day educational visit to a historical, cultural or natural place prepare an editorial of its benefits.
5. What are the hindrances seen in the tourism industry of Nepal? Explain in brief.

8.4 Measures to Resolve Problems in Tourism Industry
Activities
1. Here is a book of two star hotels at Thamel. Imagine that you are a receptionist of that hotel. Give the answers to the following questions to your hotels guest.

Tv in all rooms

24 hour shower (hot and cold)

24 hour room service

Luggage store

Laundry service

International calls

Internet/e-mail faxes

Doctor on call

a) Can I call my wife abroad?
b) I am going for trekking for a week. Can I leave my suitcase here?
c) We will stay here only for few days, can we watch a mountain?
d) We have to reach the airport at 6:00am. What transport services are available?
2. Write down the steps to be taken to solve the problems of tourism industry.

8.5 Tourists Centers in Nepal
Activities
1. All tourists want to do different activities, watch different things and want to get clear information . What should be done to provide them all these facilities and service available?
2. Imagine that you work in "Sunkoshi Rafting Company". To encourage people to take part in rafting what type of poster will be appropriate. Make one attractive poster for this purpose.
3. If you are in a tourist place then think about a new activity. If tourists come for that activity then what materials will be required? Make a list.
4. Three years Interim plan will give special priority to quantitative and qualitative tourism development . For this purpose geographical, historical, religious and cultural places will be identified developed and renovated. It mentions about promoting internal and regional tourism. In this regard to this plan , what programmes should the tourism board put forward? Prepare a plan on behalf of the board.

8.6 Foreign Employment
Activities
1. Foreign Employment earns remittance. This increases country's income. There is also an opportunity to learn international skills and techniques. Make a conversation by including these facts.
2. Find out what kind of work are Nepalese doing abroad.
3. Write in points about the importance of foreign employment.
4. Draw a pie chart and show the population gone abroad in 2011.

8.7 Challenges and Possibilities of Foreign Employment
Activities
1. Write down the challenges of foreign employment.
2. The foreign employment has made an immense contribution to Nepalese economy so number of Nepalese going abroad every year is on the rise. This has made a negative impact on Nepal's development and economy . Due to Nepalese going outside every year, there has been lack of human resources in Nepal. Nepalese labor and effort has been wasted in foreign lands. What do you think should be done to resolve this problem?
3. Nepalese who go to foreign countries for employment do not have proper knowledge and skills. Due to this Nepalese have not been able to get respectable job and appropriate salary. In this situation, what are the things do you think should be improved in order to get respectable jobs outside the country .
4. There are about 2 million Nepalese, who have gone outside Nepal for work. Nepal has earned a lot of remittance. However, no proper utilization of it has been made. What do you think should be done to use this money? Make a plan.
5. Nepalese are forced to do any sort of work outside Nepal. What do you think should be done to in instill the feeling of "Work in your own country and use your local labor to develop your country." Discuss in a group and draft an outline of your plan.

8.8 Objectives and Programmes of Current Plans
Activities
1. Three Years Interim Plan aims to make all citizens literate and provide quality and vocational education to all. What do you think should be done for this? Write.
2. Make a plan about what you think should be done by your school in this Three Year Interim Plan?
3. Make a bar diagram by including the programmes mentioned in the chapter according to this interim plan.
4. "A concept of at least one school in one village" has been a major policy of this Three Year Interim Plan. How will this help in educational development.
5. What are the main strategies of current plan?

International Understanding, Peace and Coopoeraion

9.1 United Nations and its Bodies
Activities
1. Why was UN established?
2. What is the General Assembly? Mention its functions.
3. What is Veto Power? Who can use Veto Power in UN?
4. Organize a meeting assuming your class as the General Assembly of UN. Suppose one student is a representative from each country. Select five permanent and 10 temporary members for the Security Council. Similarly , select the Secretary General, the Judge, and one third of the members for the Economic and Social Council . Formulate a future plan by organizing a separate meeting in each organs of UN. And get approval of the plan in a meeting of the General Assembly.

9.2 Special Agencies of the UN
Activities
1. Prepare a list of the special agencies of UN based on the lesson mentioned above.
2. What functions did the UN special agencies do in Nepal? Mention the functions wuth the help of references .
3. Besides this. UN related agencies are also functioning in Nepal. Some of their examples are given below. Show these organizations in a table.
a) United Nations Development Programme (UNDP): It was established in 1996 AD. Its aims are: to help developing countries for proper use of their heritages, to raise the living standard of people and to increase productivity.
b) United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF): It was established in December, 1946 . Its head quarter is in USA. Implementation of long-term programmes for the welfare of the children of developing countries is the main aim of this organization.
c) United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR): It was established id 1950 AD. The headquarter of this organization is in Geneva, Switzerland. Protection of the refugees and permanent solution of the refugees are the main aims of this organization.

9.3 Activities of UN
Activities
1. Write a summary about the functions of UN by using the words given in the box below. Discuss on the structure of the UN Flag and make a Flag.
2. Look at activities of UN that have been implementing in Nepal as well as other countries. Prepare news, if some of the activities out of the following have been done in your community.
3. Collect the news regarding the activities of UN Peace Keeping Force by reading newspapers, listening radio or watching TV.
4. Do you like Nepal's step of sending Nepalese to the Peace Keeping Force? Write a letter to the UN residential representative located in Kathmandu stating reasons whether you like or dislike.

9.4 International Relationship and Nepal
Activities
1. Answer the following questions by studying the news about science and technology given in a box below .
a) How many days does the spacecraft take to arrive at the Mars?
b) Why does the spacecraft take 250 days to reach and 240 days to return back? Discuss and write.
c) Why couldn't our country send any spacecraft to the space? Prepare a report after discussion.
2. Make a list of the contribution that Nepal played for international peace and understanding.
3. Write the ways of keeping peace in Nepal considering that one should be able to keep peace in own country, which wishes peace in other countries.